Caste is not merely social. It becomes spiritual when it produces: • pride • exclusion • ritual superiority • denial of humanity Both Kabir and Vemana saw caste as a form of ego. The ego says: • “I am pure.” • “I am higher.” • “I am chosen by birth.” The saints replied: If God lives in all, who is higher? The Radical Bhakti Insight The Bhakti movement introduced a revolution: • devotion is open to all • God is accessible without priesthood • love is greater than lineage Kabir and Vemana were among its fiercest voices.